Tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene promoter -308 and -238 polymorphisms in patients with lung cancer as a second primary tumor

BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the most common second primary cancer. We investigated whether the TNF-alpha-308 and TNF-alpha-238 polymorphisms were associated with the susceptibility and severity of lung cancer as the second primary cancer (LC2). MATERIAL/METHODS This study included 104 patients from the group LC2. The control subjects included 2 groups. The first control group (LC1) comprised 201 unrelated patients with lung cancer as a first primary cancer. The second control group (HC) comprised 230 healthy blood donors, matched for sex and age to the study group. RESULTS The frequencies of the TNF-alpha-238 polymorphism GG genotype and the G allele were higher in the LC2 group than in the LC1 group, but the differences did not reach significance (p=0.054 and p=0.057, respectively). Similar differences were found in the TNF-alpha-238 polymorphism GG genotype and G allele between the LC2 group and the HC group (p=0.054 and p=0.057, respectively). In terms of the different types of lung cancer, patients with a second primary NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer) more frequently had TNF-alpha-238 polymorphism GG genotypes and G alleles than patients with a first primary NSCLC (the differences approached statistical significance: p=0.060, p=0.064, respectively). All (100%) patients of group LC2 (n=104) had the GG genotype and the G allele. GG genotype was exclusive and no A allele was found in group LC2. CONCLUSIONS TNF-alpha-238 polymorphism GG genotype and the G allele could have a promotional effect on the development of NSCLC in the group of patients with LC2.